Their music consists mainly of parody comic songs mostly dealing with medical subjects. A few of their parodies are based on the works of American comedic songwriter Tom Lehrer. They performed at the Edinburgh Festival Fringe every year for several years since 2005 and Adam Kay performed at Latitude 2012. Ten percent of their sales, and all proceeds from the London Underground Song are donated to Macmillan Cancer Relief. The duo have released three studio albums, Fitness to Practice, Unfit to Practise and Have Yourself a Sweary Little Christmas. They also released an album of a live recording of their stage show called In Theatre.[8] Their song "Anaesthetist's Hymn" was featured in Geek Pop 2008.[9]
Transplants-Transplants Full Album Zip
Both Kay and Biswas studied medicine at Imperial College London. Their songs "Snippets" and "Careless Surgeon" ridicule those who study medicine at rival London medical schools King's College London and Barts and the London respectively. The final song of their first album "Always Look on the Bright Side of Life" ridicules most of the other London medical schools.
The band's official website has stated that "Locum Amateur Transplant Suman Biswas appeared with Adam for a few years, but is now back to healing the sick and lame".[10] Biswas works full-time in the NHS as a fully-fledged anaesthetist[11] and in 2013 released a solo album entitled "Still Alive after Amateur Transplants".[12]
The band's track London Underground, along with its accompanying flash animation, was a popular internet fad in the UK in 2005.[4][13] It was set to the tune of "Going Underground" by The Jam criticising the London Underground strike that was on at the time. It contains very strong language. It was released with their first album, and a newly recorded version with a rock music accompaniment was included in Unfit to Practise,[4] as well as released as a single on the iTunes Store, reaching number one in their 'Comedy' chart[14] having been downloaded over 4 million times.[15]
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Several epidemiological studies have reported the association between particulate matter and CKD. For example, a weak acceleration in the progression of albuminuria was observed during chronic exposure to PM10 in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis cohort. In China, long-term exposure to PM2.5 was associated with an increased risk of membranous nephropathy in 71,151 native kidney biopsy samples [14]. Another longitudinal observational cohort study of US veterans reported the association between PM2.5 concentration and a higher risk of CKD incidence and progression to ESRD [8]. Among 21,656 Taiwanese adults [15], individual exposure to PM10, coarse particles, or PM2.5 was related to reduced renal function. In a nationwide cohort study [9], Bowe et al. showed that higher concentrations of PM10, NO2, and CO, were associated with increased risks of CKD, renal function decline, and ESRD. In a recent cohort study in the US observed that higher annual PM2.5 exposure was associated the increased albuminuria and a higher risk of CKD [16].
In the present study, we found that elevated levels of PM10 were consistently associated with a significantly higher risk of adverse renal transplantation outcomes, including DCGF, BPR, and all-cause mortality. Our sensitivity analyses indicated that our results were robust, including the examination of various exposure durations and analyses involving fully adjusted models. We found that PM10 affects each outcome even after adjusting for other air pollutants. In addition, the effects of CO and O3, which are other air pollutants that were adjusted, were statistically significant.
Our data showed that prolonged long-term exposure to PM10 was associated with higher risks of transplant kidney rejections in KTRs. However, there is little in the current literature to explain the relationship between PM10 exposure and the risk of graft rejections. However, there is some evidence originating from studies involving the recipients of other transplanted organs, such as lung transplant recipients that suggests that PM may trigger rejection of the transplanted organ. Recent studies have reported that exposure to traffic-related air pollution independently increased the risk of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome, a condition that is clinically correlated with chronic rejection in lung transplant patients [29], and also associated with the development of chronic lung allograft dysfunction, a condition that is related to both acute and chronic allograft rejections [30, 31]. Acute rejection presents a major problem after organ transplantation, and is a recognized risk factor for chronic rejection and all-cause mortality. The authors of these previous papers provided evidence for the increased risk of rejection after lung transplantation with temporal changes in particulate air pollution, and reported this was associated with bronchoalveolar lavage neutrophilia and lymphocytosis. This tissue damage was explained by the novel effect of PM on Th17 polarization via the aryl hydrocarbon receptor [32]. However, the precise biological mechanisms by which exposure to PM10 can trigger kidney rejection is not yet fully understood. One explanation is that the inhaled PM may directly or indirectly induce oxidative stress and inflammation in the transplanted kidney and that this induces endothelial cell dysfunction and exacerbates the production of reactive oxygen species. These complicated processes may be responsible for shifting the immune responses to an effector phenotype, thus leading to the loss of self-tolerance and a shift towards allograft rejection. Further preclinical and epidemiological studies are now required to investigate the association between air pollution and allograft rejection, especially in KTRs. 2ff7e9595c
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