Kelly Howell is highly acclaimed for her pioneering work in healing and mind expansion. With more than two million audio programs in print, and decades of experience, she is a leader in the field of self help audio.Over the years, Kelly has worked in cooperation with eminent scientists, medical professionals, and brain researchers to develop her groundbreaking audio programs. Her clinically proven Brainwave Therapy programs are used in hospitals, and by renowned physicians and therapists around the globe. Her official website is www.brainsync.com and twitter @kellyhowell. Read more on Last.fm. User-contributed text is available under the Creative Commons By-SA License; additional terms may apply.
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The recognition of obesity as a leading modifiable risk factor for cancer development and mortality has triggered an active area of investigation and a rationale for testing anti-obesity interventions in oncology. Weight loss strategies targeting overweight or obese individuals account for most of these interventions. Despite multiple completed and ongoing clinical trials, however, it is still unclear whether weight loss reduces the risk of developing cancer and/or cancer-related death.10 Reliance on diagnostics that are useful for the assessment of population health but imprecise at the individual level might, in part, contribute to the challenge of identifying successful interventions for obesity-related cancers. Indeed, nearly all large epidemiology studies use convenient but imprecise surrogates of adiposity (e.g., BMI, waist circumference) to approximate the impact of obesity on cancer. However, such anthropometric measures frequently mischaracterise obesity-related dysfunction and related disease incidence. For example, nearly one-third of women with normal BMI (
Energy expenditure and caloric need appear to be less in those with achondroplasia [177]. Although typical interventions to prevent or treat excess weight are usually effective, this means that efforts at weight loss may need to be more rigorous and aggressively supported. Experience suggests that, in general, caloric need in those with achondroplasia is about 2/3 that of individuals with average stature.
In adults, most often positive airway pressure treatment is the primary and most important intervention. If appropriate, it needs to be accompanied by efforts at weight loss. The role of surgery in adults with obstructive apnea is unclear.
Neurogenic claudication probably arises because of vascular congestion that is increased by blood flow changes associated with exercise and which results in transient nerve root ischemia [271]. As such a mechanism implies, neurogenic claudication results in no permanent damage to the cord or nerve roots. Therefore it generally can be treated non-operatively. No studies have adequately assessed non-operative treatments in the general population [270], and their effectiveness in those with achondroplasia is utterly unexamined. Things seemingly of benefit include weight loss in the overweight and obese, low back physical therapy, and efforts to decrease the severity of hyperlordosis through an exercise program. Because no harm will accrue from physical activity, patients should be encouraged to continue to walk and otherwise exercise. Only if spinal claudication causes marked compromise of physical ability and of quality of life should surgery be considered.
We extend the momentum model to describe Rayleigh-Taylor (RT) mixing driven by a time-dependent acceleration. The acceleration is a power-law function of time, similarly to astrophysical and plasma fusion applications. In RT flow the dynamics of a fluid parcel is driven by a balance per unit mass of the rates of momentum gain and loss. We find analytical solutions in the cases of balanced and imbalanced gains and losses, and identify their dependence on the acceleration exponent. The existence is shown of two typical regimes of self-similar RT mixing-acceleration-driven Rayleigh-Taylor-type and dissipation-driven Richtymer-Meshkov-type with the latter being in general non-universal. Possible scenarios are proposed for transitions from the balanced dynamics to the imbalanced self-similar dynamics. Scaling and correlations properties of RT mixing are studied on the basis of dimensional analysis. Departures are outlined of RT dynamics with time-dependent acceleration from canonical cases of homogeneous turbulence as well as blast waves with first and second kind self-similarity. The work is supported by the US National Science Foundation.
We extend the momentum model to describe Rayleigh-Taylor (RT) mixing driven by a space-dependent acceleration. The acceleration is a power-law function of space coordinate, similarly to astrophysical and plasma fusion applications. In RT flow the dynamics of a fluid parcel is driven by a balance per unit mass of the rates of momentum gain and loss. We find analytical solutions in the cases of balanced and imbalanced gains and losses, and identify their dependence on the acceleration exponent. The existence is shown of two typical sub-regimes of self-similar RT mixing - the acceleration-driven Rayleigh-Taylor-type mixing and dissipation-driven Richtymer-Meshkov-type mixing with the latter being in general non-universal. Possible scenarios are proposed for transitions from the balanced dynamics to the imbalanced self-similar dynamics. Scaling and correlations properties of RT mixing are studied on the basis of dimensional analysis. Departures are outlined of RT dynamics with space-dependent acceleration from canonical cases of homogeneous turbulence as well as blast waves with first and second kind self-similarity. The work is supported by the US National Science Foundation.
We suggest a universal view of the origin of almost all cosmic rays. We propose that nearly every accelerated CRs was initially part of the parallel current that maintains most all force-free, twisted magnetic fields. We point out the greatest fraction of the free energy of magnetic fields in the universe likely resides in force-free fields as opposed to force-bounded ones, because the velocity of twisting, the ponder motive force, is small compared to local Alven speed. We suggest that these helical fields and the particles that they accelerate are distributed nearly uniformly and consequently are near space-filling with some notable exceptions. Charged particles are accelerated by the E( parallel to the magnetic field B) produced by the dissipation of the free energy of these fields by the progressive diffusive loss of "run-away" accelerated current-carrying charged particles from the "core" of the helical fields. Such diffusive loss is first identified as reconnection, but instead potentiates a much larger irreversible loss of highly accelerated anisotropic run-away current carrier particles. We suggest, as in fusion confinement experiments, that there exists a universal, highly robust, diffusion coefficient, D, resulting in D 1% of Bohm diffusion, as has been found in all confinement experiments, possibly driven by drift waves and, or collision-less, tearing modes. The consequential current carrier loss along the resulting tangled field lines is sufficient to account for the energy, number and spectrum of nearly all CR acceleration, both galactic as well as extra galactic. The spectrum is determined by a loss fraction dn/n -dE/E where dn D E-3/2 resulting in dn/dE = E/E0-2.5 up to 1022 ev. Only mass accretion onto SMBHs can supply the energy necessary, 1060 ergs, to fill the IGM with a CR spectrum of Γ 2.6. (Supported by the DOE) 2ff7e9595c
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